The "Catalogue of Dual-Use Items and Technologies Subject to Import and Export License Administration in China" (hereinafter referred to as "the Catalogue") is formulated in accordance with the provisions of the "Export Control Law of the People's Republic of China" and the "Regulation of the People's Republic of China on the Export Control of Dual-use Items." The issuance of the List aims to strengthen the control over the export of dual-use items and ensure national security, while fulfilling international non-proliferation obligations. Dual-use items refer to goods, technologies, and services that have both civilian uses and military applications, or that can enhance military potential, especially those that can be used in the design, development, production, or use of weapons of mass destruction and their delivery systems. The Catalogue systematically integrates the previously dispersed export control lists from multiple sectors such as nuclear, biological, chemical, and missile, unifies the export control codes, and forms a complete list system, which includes divisions across 10 major industry sectors and 5 types of item categories.